Which class of drugs is typically used to treat hypertension (HTN)?

Diuretics are commonly used in the management of hypertension because they work by helping the body eliminate excess sodium and water through urine. This reduction in fluid volume decreases the workload on the heart and lowers blood pressure. By decreasing the overall blood volume, diuretics effectively lead to vasodilation and a reduction in systemic vascular resistance, which is crucial for controlling high blood pressure.

Beta-blockers, while also effective in treating hypertension, primarily work by blocking the effects of adrenaline on the heart and blood vessels, thereby reducing heart rate and the force of heart contractions. They can be used as part of a broader treatment plan but are not the first-line therapy for hypertension.

Antibiotics and antidepressants do not have direct effects on blood pressure management. Antibiotics are used to treat infections, while antidepressants primarily address mood disorders. Thus, diuretics stand out as the primary choice, and beta-blockers can be an alternative option within the spectrum of hypertension treatment options.