What is the primary procedure performed during a cardiac catheterization?

The primary procedure performed during a cardiac catheterization is the insertion of a catheter and injection of intravenous dye. This procedure is fundamental as it allows healthcare providers to visualize the coronary arteries and assess their function. The catheter is typically guided through the femoral or radial artery and advanced to the heart, where a contrast dye is injected. This dye enhances the imaging of the heart's chambers and blood vessels, making it possible to identify any blockages, narrowing, or abnormalities.

While other options mentioned, such as balloon angioplasty and stent placement, may be performed during or following cardiac catheterization to treat identified blockages, they are not the primary procedure. The cardiac catheterization itself, specifically the use of contrast dye for imaging, is what provides essential diagnostic information. Electrophysiological studies are focused on the electrical activity of the heart and are distinct from the primary goals of cardiac catheterization related to vascular assessment.