How is hypertension primarily diagnosed?

Hypertension is primarily diagnosed by measuring blood pressure. Blood pressure readings are taken using a sphygmomanometer, where the systolic pressure (the pressure when the heart beats) over the diastolic pressure (the pressure when the heart is at rest) is recorded. A diagnosis of hypertension typically requires at least two elevated readings on separate occasions to confirm the condition, as fluctuating blood pressure can occur due to a variety of factors, including stress or physical activity.

The blood pressure measurement is straightforward and non-invasive, making it the most reliable and commonly used method for diagnosing hypertension in both clinical and outpatient settings. Accurate tracking and recording of blood pressure are essential, particularly because hypertension can lead to serious health complications if left untreated.

Other methods mentioned, like checking LDL levels or performing a fasting blood glucose test, are related to assessing cardiovascular risk or metabolic conditions but do not specifically diagnose hypertension. Cardiac catheterization is an invasive procedure used primarily to evaluate coronary artery disease rather than blood pressure conditions. Therefore, checking blood pressure is the definitive and primary method for diagnosing hypertension.